Both CNS (IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, IP-10, MIG) and systemic inflammatory responses (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IP-10, MCP-1, MIG) to infection play leading, but distinctly different, roles in the pathogenesis of EV71 pulmonary edema (Wang et al., 2003; Wang et al., 2007). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL9 and pulmonary edema.