CD40LG and asthma: Current research substantiates that children with acute asthma had significantly higher seropositivity for anti- M. pneumoniae IgM antibodies than children with stable asthma (Liu et al., 2021) and asthmatic children with M. pneumoniae-positive exhibit elevated serum levels of both IL-4 and IFN-γ (Xiao and Hou, 2025).