Chen et al. reported that tumor-derived cytokines such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) can suppress marrow erythropoiesis and induce erythroid apoptosis, thereby facilitating EMH [11]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and neoplasm.