MCAM and hepatocellular carcinoma: For example, NOTCH1 signaling affects the maintenance of MSCs stemness and the chondrocyte differentiation process by regulating the EZH2 protein (57); in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), CD146 upregulates the expression of JAG2 by activating the NF-κB signal, thereby activating the Notch pathway, leading to enhanced tumor cell stemness and chemotherapy resistance.