NFKB1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of NF-κB subunits—including phosphorylation of p65 at Ser536 and acetylation at Lys310—enhance its transcriptional activity on the CD274 (PD-L1) promoter in diverse cancers such as NSCLC and gastric carcinoma (72–75).