This study focuses on how HCC cells utilize exosomes, an intercellular communication carrier, and fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) to precisely regulate the metabolic state and functional phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), thereby shaping a microenvironment conducive to tumor growth and immune evasion (23, 24). The gene discussed is FABP5; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.