PDK1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: After filtering weak instrumental variables (F-statistic > 10), we performed MR analysis on 1,189 oxidative stress-related proteins (GeneCards Relevance score > 7) [10] Our analysis identified several proteins, including MUTYH, Cyt-C, PDK1, CRAT, VWF, and JAK2, as potential contributors to ALS pathogenesis (Fig. 1A), though further validation is required to confirm their roles.