As of December 2023, there were 9 drugs in the GLP-1RA class approved for the treatment of T2DM in China, including Semaglutide injection, Liraglutide injection, Dulaglutide injection, Polyethylene glycol loxenatide injection, Insulin degludec and liraglutide injection, Exenatide injection, Benaglutide injection, Exenatide microsphees for injection, and Lixisenatide injection [21, 22]. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.