TNF and osteoporosis: Notably, available evidence has shown that the expression of RANKL due to inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6, and the concurrent use of glucocorticoids, causes an imbalance in the relationship between osteoblasts synthesizing the bone matrix and osteoclasts degrading bone tissue, leading to osteoporosis [41–43].