GDF15 and infection: These results also imply a possibility that the modulation of sympathetic activity could be possible using GDF15 or through blockade of GDF15 action, which could have an impact on diverse conditions associated with dysregulated sympathetic activity such as idiopathic orthostatic hypotension characterized by low sympathetic tone35,36, hypoglycemic unawareness37, hypertension associated with increased sympathetic activity, heart failure38, infection, sepsis, shock39, obesity40 or cancer cachexia11.