BRAF and melanoma: Additionally, RAC1P29S inhibits invadopodia function [21], abolishes haptotaxis [22], drives dedifferentiation in melanoma, contributes to BRAF inhibitor resistance [23–25], and facilitates immune evasion via programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) upregulation through the RAC1P29S-PAK1 axis [17].