CSF3 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Elevated CSF3 levels have been detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of IPF patients, with significant correlations to impaired lung function and poor prognosis.18 Moreover, CSF3 has been associated with acute exacerbations of IPF, where it increases alveolar epithelial barrier permeability and promotes inflammatory cell infiltration, thereby exacerbating lung injury.