PDK1 and Insulin resistance: For example, dietary MI supplementation in obese individuals with MASLD was shown to reduce fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, a measure of systemic insulin resistance and β-cell function, and to further improve the systemic lipid profile and circulating markers of liver injury (ALT/AST) [464–467], which was associated with increased expression of AMPK, Akt and PDK1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) [465].