In this vein, induction of RAD knockout after onset of DCM rescued heart structure and function comparably to pre-protection displayed in MLPKO-PLNKO55 mice and transgenic mice over-expressing the micropeptide DWORF.56 De-RADulation rescue of DCM was accompanied by ICa,L with significant increases in the fast component of current decay as in healthy cRADΔ/Δ mice.10 The fast phase of ICa,L decay is known to be a calcium-dependent inactivation regulated by calmodulin and calcium/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII). Here, RRAD is linked to familial dilated cardiomyopathy.