Faced with this issue, Lozano et al. evaluated vaginal and endometrial microbiota in patients with and without CE (assessed by CD138 immunostaining), revealing an abundance of Ralstonia and Gardnerella in endometrial samples, and of Streptococcus and Ureaplasma in vaginal samples (Lozano et al. 2021). Here, SDC1 is linked to cholesteryl ester measurement.