ELANE and atherosclerosis: NETosis is induced in the atherosclerotic plaque by multiple factors, including cholesterol crystals,9 oxidative stress,34 and inflammatory cytokines, such as CCL78 and IL1β.35 In addition, mutations driving clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential are associated with enhanced NETosis susceptibility.11–13 Inhibition of NETosis by targeting neutrophil elastase,36 PAD4 (peptidylarginine deiminase 4),37 MPO,38 or the blockage of NET-associated components such as histones,32 leads to decreased atherosclerosis progression.