Comparative analysis of M1 and M2 marker gene expression among M1, M2, and CRC cell-conditioned medium induced macrophages revealed a notable upregulation of both M1 marker genes (e.g., IL1B, CXCL10, and CD80) and M2 marker genes (e.g., IL10 and CD163) in macrophages treated with the supernatant from the CRC cell line SW480 (Figure 1C). Here, IL1B is linked to colorectal carcinoma.