PDCD1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Recent studies have demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies targeting adaptive immune checkpoints such as programmed cell death Protein 1 (PD‐1), programmed death Ligand 1 (PD‐L1), and cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated Protein 4 (CTLA‐4) can significantly enhance clinical outcomes in HCC [9, 10].