Probiotic capsules composed of Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus acidophilus have been confirmed to significantly reduce body weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumference and TNF-α levels in patients with NAFLD, and increase the level of serum total antioxidant capacity (Javadi et al., 2018). Here, TNF is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.