Consistent with their role in remodeling the TME, PRELP+ CAFs exhibited high expression of extracellular matrix components such as PRELP, COLEC11, COL10A1, and ITGBL1, as well as genes involved in TGF-β and Wnt signaling pathways, both of which regulate cellular processes crucial for cancer progression like ECM remodeling, cell migration, and immune modulation (Syed, 2016; Zhan et al., 2017). Here, COL10A1 is linked to cancer.