Its broad expression and functional dysregulation in multiple disease systems—including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer—highlight its unique advantage as a “cross-system therapeutic target.” Under pathological conditions, MTFP1 modulates mitochondrial dynamic equilibrium, thereby influencing the cell’s capacity to respond to environmental stress and participating in key processes of programmed cell death, such as apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis (Fukuda et al., 2023). Here, MTFP1 is linked to cancer.