NEU1 plays a key role in DOX-induced cardiomyopathy, while the NEU1 inhibitor oseltamivir (OSE) exhibits potential cardioprotective effects by inhibiting Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission and mitophagy, which may provide a new clinical strategy for the prevention or treatment of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. The gene discussed is DNM1L; the disease is cardiomyopathy.