Nevertheless, fluoxetine increased VEGF expression following stress, while Riparin A elevated VEGF levels beyond control values, reinforcing its potential role in promoting neurovascular support since it contributes significantly to neuronal survival, maturation, and synaptic plasticity, with direct involvement in neurogenesis, processes that have been associated with improved behavioral effects in depression models [42, 43]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is depressive disorder.