BAX and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: SIRT1 deficiency exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction by promoting p53 acetylation and Bax expression (Singh and Ubaid, 2020; Dong et al., 2021), and clinical observations reveal significantly decreased SIRT1 alongside increased SENP1 expression in peripheral mononuclear cells of BPD preterm infants (Tan et al., 2018).