SIRT1 deficiency exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction by promoting p53 acetylation and Bax expression (Singh and Ubaid, 2020; Dong et al., 2021), and clinical observations reveal significantly decreased SIRT1 alongside increased SENP1 expression in peripheral mononuclear cells of BPD preterm infants (Tan et al., 2018). Here, SIRT1 is linked to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.