As shown in Fig. 1E, we identified that the tumor microenvironment in ccRCC primarily consists of B cells (CD79A, CD79B, MS4A1), myeloid cells (LYZ, CD14, CD68), mast cells (TPSB2, TPSAB1, CPA3), epithelial cells (EPCAM, KRT8, CA9), fibroblasts (DCN, COL3A1, COL1A1), endothelial cells (VWF, PECAM1, FLT1), and T cells (CD3D, CD3E, CCL5). Here, VWF is linked to neoplasm.