AQP1 and chronic kidney disease: We observed that VIM (vimentin) and AQP1 (aquaporin-1) were consistently significant across all three conditions, with meta-p values of 9.03e−141, 0, and 1.14e−121 for VIM, and 0, 1.79e−193, and 8.43e−14 for AQP1 in lupus nephritis, CKD, and control samples, respectively.