The analysis in human RPGN highlights that, first, PDGF induces cell proliferation of PECs and crescent formation and, later, immune and kidney cell-derived TGFβ results in PEC-mediated and fibrotic, mesangial cell-mediated glomerulosclerosis (Fig. 4i). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.