Indeed, CHO29 (an RRM2 inhibitor)55 or 3-BP (an HK2 inhibitor)56 significantly suppressed colony formation of UOK109 cells (Fig. 5d), suggesting the role of NONO-TFE3 and PSPC1 co-regulated genes in supporting pro-oncogenic transcription in tRCC. This evidence concerns the gene PSPC1 and renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions.