TFE3 and renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions: To identify the direct targets of the TFE3 fusion protein in tRCC, we used a CRISPR-based knock-in approach to introduce a GFP-dTAG-Flag cassette23 at the C-terminus of the endogenous NONO-TFE3 oncofusion gene in a patient-derived UOK109 tRCC cell line24,25 (a gift from Dr. Marston Linehan’s laboratory) (Fig. 1a, Supplementary Fig. 1d–f).