STAT1 and autoimmune disease: IL-27 is a unique cytokine with reported immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects that are exerted through STAT1/3-dependent cascades (Hunter & Kastelein, 2012; Pennock et al, 2014; Morita et al, 2021) and thought to be involved in various autoimmune diseases including T1D (Meka et al, 2015).