INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In Fig 28, the left panel SHAP Feature Importance with Numerical Values (PID dataset) highlights insulin with an impressive mean of 0.170145 as the champion predictor of T2DM, outshining glucose (0.0890959), skin thickness (0.0663496), and age (0.0333494) with engineered precision, aligning with LASSO coefficients (Table 9); the right panel SHAP Summary Plot with Value Ranges (PID Dataset) further validates this dominance by showcasing insulin’s striking impact range (−0.368378 to 0.489068) with a model accuracy of 89.98% (Table 13).