TNF and infection: While VAN and DAP treatment did not alter M2-associated expression of Il10 or Arg1, TED treatment showed the most pronounced anti-inflammatory effect on infected KCs, significantly suppressing infection-induced pro-inflammatory Tnf and Il6 expression (L2FC = 1.40 vs 7.13, P < 0.0001, and L2FC = 0.625 vs 5.72, P = 0.0002, respectively), as well as Irg1 (L2FC = 2.44 vs 9.39, P = 0.0007) and Il10 (L2FC = −0.91 vs 1.78, P = 0.0024) expression, with the latter potentially signifying sufficient attenuation of infection-driven inflammation by TED treatment.