BRCA1 and ductal breast carcinoma in situ: Re-expression of miR-205 offers a promising therapeutic approach to prevent DCIS from becoming invasive.95 L. lactis-miR-146b-induced reduction in intestinal inflammation was partially dependent on EVs that contained miR-146b, which modulated the activation of classically activated macrophages (M1 macrophages).96 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii EVs upregulate the expression of key proteins involved in HR repair, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, thereby reducing DNA damage and inhibiting the cGAS-STING pathway, which is central to the inflammatory response.97,98