Moreover, MTL-CEBPA, a small activating RNA (saRNA), has been shown to reduce the immunosuppressive effects of myeloid cells and enhance the anti-tumor activity of ICIs by upregulating the transcription factor C/EBP-α (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04105335 and NCT05097911).These findings highlight the importance of immune regulation and immune checkpoint modulation as key mechanisms through which non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can be used in combination with immunotherapy. This evidence concerns the gene CEBPA and neoplasm.