In our analyses, 57 out of 611 differentially expressed genes were from the X chromosome, including several associated with LUAD progression such as XIST (a long non-coding RNA essential for X-chromosome inactivation that has been implicated in tumor progression) [58] JPX (a regulator that promotes lung cancer cell growth) [59] DDX3X (an RNA helicase involved in translation and splicing, with overexpression driving LUAD progression) [60] PRKX and MAGEA3. Here, DDX3X is linked to lung cancer.