TGFB1 and neoplasm: Also, the molecular mechanisms of EMT activation involve multiple signaling pathways, such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, Notch, and hedgehog, as well as adverse cellular conditions, such as inflammation and hypoxia, which play a crucial role in tumor progression and metastasis [301, 302], depicted in Fig. 4.