NF1 knockdown in BRAF-mutant melanoma cells leads to concomitant increased activity of RAS and CRAF, and combined knockdown of NF1 and CRAF restores the sensitivity of resistant cells mediated by loss of NF1 to BRAFi (Whittaker et al. 2013), suggesting the pivotal role of CRAF in ERK signaling transduction driven by loss of NF1. The gene discussed is RAF1; the disease is melanoma.