TNF and colorectal cancer: It was found here that the presence of galectin-3 at 10 μg/ml, a galectin-3 concentration that is close to that found in patients with metastasis colorectal cancer (Barrow et al. 2011b), led to marked increase of the secretion of IL-6 (> fivefold), IL-1 (> threefold) and TNFα (> threefold) from THP-1 differentiated macrophages (Fig. 4A-C).