The most extensively described clinical settings impacted by such molecular phenomena include neuroendocrine transformation in androgen receptor-dependent prostate adenocarcinoma, and adenocarcinoma-to-neuroendocrine and adenocarcinoma-to-squamous transdifferentiation in epidermal growth factor receptor-driven lung adenocarcinoma, affecting 10%–20% of patients treated with targeted therapy. The gene discussed is AR; the disease is adenocarcinoma.