Addressing this challenge, Angi, Varanita et al, report in EMBO Molecular Medicine (Angi et al, 2025) on the ability of PAPTP to selectively target and kill autoreactive/autoproliferative CD4+ TEM in the peripheral blood of people with MS and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS-like disease. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and myeloid sarcoma.