PAX8 and cancer: For comparison, we used human peritoneal tissues, obtained from HGSC debulking surgeries, devoid of or with minimal presence of cancer cells (0.38 ± 0.21% PAX8 + nuclei of total tissue nuclei (s.e.m.); 0.75 ± 0.44 PAX8 + nuclei mm−2 tissue (s.e.m.)) (Supplementary Fig. 1a).