Given the pivotal role of apoptotic cell death in ischemic stroke pathology, particularly under OGD/R conditions (28), we analyzed the impact of NITAC-mediated eIF4E2 ISGylation on apoptosis (as indicated by Bcl2, Bax, and cleaved-caspase3 levels) following OGD/R (2/6 h) treatment. Here, BAX is linked to ischemic stroke.