CGAS and Hyperglycemia: Additionally, hyperglycemia impairs mitochondrial integrity by suppressing the SIRT1/AMPK/PGC1α axis, triggering cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the release of mtDNA-containing extracellular vesicles, which can activate the cGAS-STING pathway upon uptake by adjacent fibroblasts [68,69,70,71].