However, low-dose VPA (0.5 mM), in combination with gemcitabine, promotes the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer, and high-dose VPA (5 mM) enhances the sensitivity of PCCs to gemcitabine through p38 activation, which suppresses the activation of STAT3 and Bmi1 [38]. Here, STAT3 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.