The use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors increases the risk of hypoglycemia, but importantly, DPP-4 inhibitors reduce the hypoxia-induced upregulation of the pro-oxidant enzyme, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, in rat cardiomyocytes. The gene discussed is DPP4; the disease is Hypoglycemia.