VDR and retinal disorder: <h4>Introduction</h4>The present study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI gene variants and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications, as well as with oxidative stress parameters.<h4>Methods</h4>We investigated 300 individuals with diabetes with and without neuropathy and retinopathy, and 100 individuals without diabetes.