PBMCs from HAM-TSP patients further show an increased proportion of IL-17-expressing CD4 T-cells (86) and of inflammatory CD4+CD8+ T-cell populations whose IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, and CXCL10 productions are one of the most pronounced among stimulated T-cells (87). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL10 and tropical spastic paraparesis.