LCT and epilepsy: These models were chosen based on our prior findings demonstrating LDHA upregulation and/or increased Lac conversion.15 Here, we found that MRS/I of HP [1-13C]Pyr detects increased Pyr-to-Lac conversion in preclinical models, providing evidence for the potential clinical applicability of HP 13C MRSI in mapping of the seizure onset zone and epileptic network in epilepsy.