Persistent neuroinflammation, marked by elevated proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), is strongly implicated in synaptic dysfunction, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and cognitive decline (Bersano et al., 2023; DiSabato et al., 2016). Here, TNF is linked to Mental deterioration.