The NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathway signaling pathways are central regulators of inflammatory and immune responses, and its dysregulated activation is implicated in numerous inflammatory skin disorders, including AD (Giridharan and Srinivasan, 2018; Herrington, Carmody, and Goodyear, 2016; Liu et al., 2024). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is inflammatory skin disease.