The above studies systematically elucidate that various NPs effectively inhibit VM in glioblastoma by targeting key molecules involved in VM formation, such as VE-cadherin and EphA2, as well as modulating multiple signaling pathways including PI3K/Akt/mTOR and EphA2/PI3K/MMP-2. The gene discussed is PIK3CD; the disease is glioblastoma.