These abnormal changes promote the activation of the HIF-1α and VEGF/VEGFR signaling pathways, resulting in severe hypoxia within the tumor microenvironment, which in turn enhances tumor cell plasticity and the formation of vascular-like channels (Pinto et al., 2023; Morse et al., 2019; Motoo et al., 1993). Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.