EPCAM and breast carcinoma: Studies have shown that epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), as one of the key surface markers of breast cancer CSCs, induces the loss of E-cadherin and upregulates the expression of Vimentin and VE-cadherin by activating EMT-related transcription factors Slug, Twist1, and ZEB1 (Wu et al., 2019).