CDH5 and lung carcinoma: For example, in various tumor types such as lung cancer, esophageal cancer, and melanoma, VE-cadherin is highly expressed and enhances the VM-forming ability of tumor cells, which is also significantly associated with poor patient prognosis (Williamson et al., 2016; Qin et al., 2019; Delgado-Bellido et al., 2025; Delgado-Bellido et al., 2023a).