Oleanolic acid improves energy metabolism mainly through the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway and inhibits TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory signaling, reducing TGF-β1 and collagen deposition in renal tissues, thereby alleviating renal fibrosis and inflammatory response (Liu et al., 2022). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is renal fibrosis.